Comparison between ‘Things Fall Apart’ and ‘Kanthapura’

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Topic: Comparison between ‘Things Fall Apart’ and ‘Kanthapura’

Course No. 14: The African Literature

Roll No. : 28

Enrollment no.: PG14101019

Email-Id: jasoliyavaishali@gmail.com

Prepared by: Vaishali Hareshbhai Jasoliya

Submitted to: MAHARAJA KRISHNAKUMARSINHJI BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

Comparison between ‘Things Fall Apart’ and ‘Kanthapura’

‘Things Fall Apart’ by Chinua Achebe:

                                                          

Things Fall Apart is a post-colonial novel written by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe in 1958. It is one of the masterpieces of 20^th century African fiction. It is a staple book in schools throughout Africa and is widely read and studied in English-speaking countries around the world. The novel follows the life of Okonkwo, an Igbo leader and local wrestling champion in the fictional Nigerian Village of Umuofia. Here we can also found the Struggle and inferiority that black people faces.

Kanthapura by Raja Rao:

                                                       

          Raja Rao’s first novel Kanthapura (1938) is the story of a village in south India named Kanthapura. The novel is narrated in the form of a ‘sthalapurana’ by an old woman of the village, Achakka. Kanthapura is a traditional caste ridden Indian village which is away from all modern ways of living. Dominant castes like Brahmins are privileged to get the best region of the village whereas Sudras, Pariahs are marginalized.

Representation of African Culture in Things Fall Apart:

In Things Fall Apart, African culture portrays in a structured and civilized society and they feels marginalized and always struggle to become an independent. Achebe depicts the Igbo as a people with great social institutions. In Things Fall Apart, there is Igbo culture where they have their own individual rules, regulations and their living style totally different from others. We can say that here theme of the clash of cultures and also Igbo Society Complexity. Their culture is rich and impressively civilized, with traditions and laws that place great emphasis on justice and fairness.

Representation of Indian Culture in Kanthapura:

          In the novel we can found that, Village’s Contemporary situation as like;

·        Social Background

·        Religion Background

·        Political Background

Here village stands as a unity and sometimes used as a symbolic way. Villagers have also different tradition in their village like Hari-Kathas, a traditional form of storytelling, was practiced in the village. While this reading nationalism in conflict with Brahmanism, something more interesting is available if we push our reading a little further. So, we can say that the inferiority and superiority.

In the Kanthapura novel we can found the final clash between the freedom fighters and the soldiers many people died many where injured. After this clash, the whole village was set on fire and destroyed and many people were arrested.

Similarities in both Things Fall Apart and Kanthapura:

ü Kenchamma! protect us  always like this through famine and disease, death and despair, through the harvest night shall we dance before you, the fire in the middle and the hornes about us, we shall sing and sing and clap our sing

-      Kanthapura

When a man says, yes his chi also says yes also

-      Things Fall Apart

Things Fall Apart Ezeulu row of God rely on traditional wisdom in their assertion of their personal point of view which impart to them a representative quality. The voice of Achakka in Kanthapura is the voice of mythic India elevating, the narration to the vast mythic parlorama in the Indian villages. Achebe who employs Igbo proverbs in Things Fall Apart and Arrow Rao uses the Kannada idioms and expressions. As like,

“I have seen your elders.” You cannot be a traitor to your salt givers”

And the respectful addresses in the names like Bhattare, Ramannore and Moorthappa are used to denote praise flattery or decomn. The Kannada speech is an adopted way. Same in the novel Kanthapura makes use of the native Kanrlada ingredients in the language. In the language of both Rao and Achebe, one could trace the confident mythic age springing from the cultural ethos of the two nations, placing the works in a domain of creative freedom which is shared by many other Third World writers.

Comparison between Okonkwo and Moorthy

Okonkwo in ‘Things Fall Apart’:

          Okonkwo is the novel’s protagonist. He is a brave and rash Umuofia (Nigerian), warrior and clan leader. He strives to make his way in a culture that traditionally values manliness. As a young man he defeated the village’s best wrestler, earning him lasting prestige. He is also the hardest – working member of his clan. Okonkwo’s life is dominated by fear and failure and of weaknesses – the fear that he will resemble his father. He commits suicide.

          Okonkwo’s suicide represents not only his culture’s rejection of him, but his rejection of the changes in his people’s culture, as he realizes that the Igbo society that he so valued has been forever altered by the Christian missionaries.

Moorthy in Kanthapura:

          Moorthy is a character in Raja Rao's novel Kanthapura, which records the influence of Gandhian ideals on a remote South Indian village during the years of the Indian independence movement.

          Moorthy, the protagonist is an educated, respected young man of Kanthapura. He is one of thousands of young men inspired by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi to become fighters for the cause of their motherland.

Throughout the novel Moorthy inspires love and respect and wins the confidence of the villagers. The impact of Gandhi's personality transforms him from a common village lad into able and committed, even though he never personally spoke with Gandhi. In those days many young men gave up their studies and courted arrest; Moorthy is one of these. Inspired by the vision of the Gandhi addressing a public meeting, he went out alone and later returned to college. Afterwards, he became the life and spirit of the freedom movement in Kanthapura.

          At last, we can say that language of Moorthy and language of Okonkwo both has different. Okonkwo’s language suffused with proverbs and stories like Moorthy’s speech resonating the legendary lore of Kanthapura fits the purpose of placing individual thoughts in the larger mythological domain of the respective cultural context.

Effect of colonialism in both Things Fall Apart and Kanthapura:

Effect of colonialism in Things Fall Apart:

          In the novel, Things Fall Apart, the effects of colonialism were extremely evident in the Igbo society. As the white Englanders moved into the native’s land, their cultural values changed.

Examples of these changes were evident in all aspects of the Igbo People’s lives, in their religion, family life, children, and the dead. Many of the Igboians were upset by the colonialism of their society, but in the end they were completely incapable of doing anything to reverse the changes that had already taken place in their society.

Thus, we can say that, the colonialism of the Igbo society affected them in many different ways. Each aspect of their lives and culture were consumed by English’s belief systems. Whether it was their religion, family life, children or their dead the white’s beliefs and systematic way of life took over the traditional systems and beliefs.

Effect of colonialism in Things Fall Apart:

Raja Rao’s Kanthapura enacts some of the motif of post colonialism. This whole reading of the novel harps back upon the exchange between the colonizers and colonized. The interesting insights offered by the novel are about the immense complications and violence that attend the arrival of colonial modernity in India.

Conclusion:

          Thus, we can say that, Kanthapura novel ends with “Pralaya” And Things Fall Apart novel ends with surrender to colonizers.

Works Cited

Wikipedia contributors. "Moorthy." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 17 Dec. 2014. Web. 26 Mar. 2016 

Wikipedia contributors. "Things Fall Apart." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 11 Mar. 2016. Web. 26 Mar. 2016

Ann Gray’s concept of knowability with reference to ‘The Sense of an Ending’

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Topic: Ann Gray’s concept of knowability with reference to ‘The Sense of an Ending’

Course No. 13: The New Literature

Roll No. : 28

Enrollment no.: PG14101019

Email-Id: jasoliyavaishali@gmail.com

Prepared by: Vaishali Hareshbhai Jasoliya

Submitted to: MAHARAJA KRISHNAKUMARSINHJI BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

Introduction:

Ann Gray in ‘Research Practice for Cultural studies’ (2003) elaborates three fundamental research questions that structure any research project.

1.    What is there that can be known – what is Knowable?

2.    What is the relation of the knower to the known?

      How do we find things out?

The Sense of an Ending:

                                                    

            The Sense of an Ending (2011) is a novel written by British author Julian Barnes. The Man Booker Prize winner novel is famous for its postmodern narrative technique, as memory novel and psychological thriller.

            The story is of an old man Tony Webster, narrator, who tries to revisit his past and solve some of unsolved mysteries. His quest for getting knowledge about his friend – Adrian’s suicide and other characters lives can be elaborated with concept of knowability and three methodological questions.

·         What is there that can be known – what is Knowable?

  This question is an ontological question; it refers to the aspect of social reality to be studies, but it also deals with assumptions we are willing to make about the nature of reality. It requires you to take a position in relation to your project and to define your ‘knowable space’. How you construct your knowable space will depend upon your theoretical approach to the social world and the actors or texts involved. (Gray)

With reference to The Sense of an Ending Illustrations from the text:

            The novel describes journey or quest of getting knowledge of Tony Webster, who didn’t get, who never get properly!! The narrator tells his story and all the incidents with his memory and tries to evaluate past, and with that he also tries to get knowledge.

            For Tony ‘knowable’ is not only to know the reason of Adrian’s suicide or his diary or about Veronica but also to know about his own life, to illustrate his own memory and self examine, why he is not getting or what is problem with him. As it is mentioned in explanation that,

“…it also deals with assumptions we are willing to make about the nature of reality…”

Here, while in the process of getting knowledge, assumes many things at different stages.

For example:

Tony is in assumption that ‘he knows’ all the things. After getting letter, he supposes that he now knows about Veronica and Adrian. After watching Adrian’s son, he becomes very sure that now he knows all the things very well but he didn’t get anything or reach to true knowledge. With these stages his ‘Knowable space’ is also changing and moving.

“How you construct your knowable space and how you go about exploring and investigating that knowable space will depend upon your theoretical approach…”

            Here we can say that, Tony does not stop with his assumptions like Silas in The Da Vinci Code. In both texts we can found his one of the knowable space is “himself”. In ‘The Sense of an Ending’ one of the reasons of his keep investigation and processing towards knowledge, ignoring his assumptions, is his “self” as knowable space and his approach towards other events like Veronica’s words “you still don’t get it…” or other characters’ attitude towards him and his own memory, who tells him as he is not able to get sense. He keeps on trying to reach true knowledge with his approach of investigating like going into several pubs and shops several times, ignoring his believed, constructed assumptions.

·         What is the relation of the knower to the known?

This question is epistemological and put simply, asks how we know that what we know. What we bring to our work, how our own knowledge and experience is brought to bear on the research itself will certainly shape it.

It is important to make these explicit. The point about who we are and how we relate to the project itself is a key issue. (Gray)

Relationship between knower and known is very important to evaluate. In the novel, Tony tells his own experiences with his memory. He is in self search and also in search of reasons and relations of other character’s life. He is insider. In his attempts of knowing anything himself becomes barrier.

For Example:          

His memory, a mirror or self projection always distract him.

He knows that Adrian and veronica have relationship after break up with her and, he also came to know from his friend that Adrian was happy and in love before his death. With these two statements, he makes an assumption that the reason for Adrian’s death or before his death he is in love with Veronica.

Only because of his partial memory, he cannot know that Adrian has relationship with Mrs. Sarah Ford. He is subjective and inside his memory and assumptions, he cannot know the things clearly. All the time, he gets true knowledge from outside.

Like, he comes to know about his cruel letter when it is given by Veronica. He can know himself when Margaret communicates with him. Even he gets the “knowledge” about young Adrian when other person Terry tells him that “Mary is not his mother, but sister…”

So, when ‘he is in own’, he cannot reach to the knowledge. Even when he assumes that the young Adrian is son of Adrian and Veronica, if Veronica did not tell him “You still don’t get…” perhaps he can never reach to his knowledge. Thus, in Tony’s case the relationship is self with self and self itself becomes barrier of knowledge. And whenever Tony becomes objective, he gets knowledge from outside and reach where he wants to…

So, his view is from inside and he perceive reality from outside.

·         How do we find things out?

This is methodological questions. What kind of methods must I employ in order to know, or to put me in a position of being able to interpret and analysis this aspect of the social world?

Illustrations from the text:

            With example of both chapters and narrative style, we can say, Tony always tries to aware readers that, whatever he is telling is not hundred percent true but it is what he remembers. Tony, in his narration, goes on deconstructing his own words. He even accepts even accepts that what he said is not trustworthy but with his own cast of mind. Some of beautiful quotes in the novel suggest this thing clearly.

            One of the way, to get knowledge of Tony, is to become out of own self. At some stage, he accepts that, “he is not getting sense” means he knows that still he has to work hard to get knowledge (not like Silas or Fache in Da Vinci Code)

            Though he constructed many assumptions in his case, from outside, he is also getting some kind of hints or knowledge which proves that he is not getting properly. So, he is not in blindness, but he keeps trying.

            At every stage, he comes to know from outside. He knows his relationship with known and also barriers of his knowledge. So, he tries to be objective from subjective. He rejects his assumptions and accepts hints from outside with being objective.

            He doubts his statements and tries to think the way knowledge comes to him from outside. In Tony's procedure of knowledge, knowledge dawn upon him from outside, from other characters, after his several attempts.

            Throughout the novel, everyone tries to give him hints or signs. Though he has inability to understand signs, which are in front of his eyes, and get the 'sense', he can reach to knowledge because of his ability to accept his inabilities, and to become objective with knowing his own self. He knows his barrier of his knowledge and tries to go beyond it, to overcome it.

Conclusion:

            Thus, Tony's journey to his knowable space is going on expanding in the second part and he tries to overcome from his subjective relationship with his self. At last we can say that, in the novel, Tony, the narrator's quest for knowledge is interesting and amazing, and worthy to study. It becomes very exiting end when Tony meets with his knowledge and gets “his sense” after long journey.

Works Cited

Wikipedia contributors. "The Sense of an Ending." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 24 Jan. 2016. Web. 26 Mar. 2016.

Gray, Ann. Research Practice for cultural studies. (2003).